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A quick and easy reference to help understand Bipolar Disorder James Witschner and Marcia Rose
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ABILIFY
(aripiprazole) This medication works by helping to restore
the balance of certain natural chemical in the brain. Side
effects are vomiting, fever, lightheadedness, dizziness, change
in weight, blurred vision or drowsiness may occur. Serious
side effects are irregular or unusually fast heartbeat, severe
muscle stiffness, uncontrolled muscle movements, unusual increase
in thirst or urination, vision changes
ADHD
Since the 1940s, psychiatrists have applied various
labels to children who are hyperactive and inordinately inattentive
and impulsive. Such youngsters have been considered to have
minimal brain dysfunction, brain-injured child syndrome, hyper
kinetic reaction of childhood, hyperactive child syndrome
and, most recently, attention-deficit disorder. The frequent
name changes reflect how uncertain researchers have been about
the underlying causes of, and even the precise diagnostic
criteria for, the disorder. Within the past several years,
however, those who study ADHD have begun to clarify its symptoms
and causes and have found that it may have a genetic underpinning.
Today's view of the basis of the condition is strikingly different
from that of just a few years ago. They are finding that ADHD
is not a disorder of attention, per se, as had long been assumed.
Rather it arises as a developmental failure in the brain circuitry
that underlies inhibition and self-control. This loss of self-control,
in turn, impairs other important brain functions crucial for
maintaining attention, including the ability to defer immediate
rewards for later, greater gain. ADHD involves two sets of
symptoms: inattention and a combination of hyperactive and
impulsive behaviors. Boys are at least three times as likely
as girls to develop the disorder. ADHD usually arises between
the ages of three and five. Even so, the age of onset can
vary widely.
AFFECTIVE
DISORDER This is a term to describe individuals who
exhibit any extreme mood in no particular order.
ANTIDEPRESSANTS
Medications developed primarily to treat and relieve symptoms
of depression. (See addenda medication)
ANTI-PSYCHOTICS
Medications used to treat severe distortions in thought
perception and emotion. Beginning with the introduction of
chlorpromazine in 1952, conventional anti-psychotics share
a common characteristic of blocking the dopamine receptors
in the brain, but they must have other points of entry as
well. In most cases, the exact mechanism by which these substances
work is partly or completely unknown. There is no psychological
or physical dependence.
ATIVAN
(lorazepam) This medication belongs to a class of drugs called
benzodiazepines. In this you would find, among others, Valium,
Zane and Librium. These are used for sedation in anxiety disorders
and to help to induce sleep in panic disorders. They are addictive
in a physical and psychological way. Withdrawal for those
taking Aptiva for an extended time could be similar to those
noted with barbiturates, (convulsions, cramps, vomiting, and
sweating). This medication should not be stopped abruptly
but tapered off according to doctor’s instructions. Ativan
has a depressant effect when used with alcohol.
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